What is the primary characteristic of Bacillus anthracis?

The primary characteristic of Bacillus anthracis is that it is the causative agent of anthrax. This bacterium is well-known for its role in zoonotic diseases, particularly affecting livestock and humans who come into contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. Anthrax can manifest in several forms, including cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalational, making it a significant public health concern as well as a potential bioterrorism agent.

Bacillus anthracis is also notable for its ability to form spores, a feature that enhances its survivability in harsh environments. Additionally, it does not produce a green pigment, which is characteristic of some other bacteria but not of Bacillus anthracis. The tendency of Bacillus anthracis to form chains of bacilli is a physical characteristic, but the defining aspect of this organism is its association with anthrax. This disease links the bacterium specifically to its importance in microbiology, infectious diseases, and public health.