Which species of Clostridium is responsible for antimicrobial-associated diarrhea?

The species of Clostridium that is primarily responsible for antimicrobial-associated diarrhea is Clostridium difficile. This bacterium is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections, especially following the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that disrupt the normal gut flora. When the normal bacteria are diminished, C. difficile can proliferate and produce toxins, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea and colitis.

C. difficile's ability to form spores contributes to its resilience in healthcare settings and during antibiotic treatment periods, making it particularly concerning for patients who are receiving antibiotics. The toxins produced by C. difficile are responsible for damaging the intestinal lining and causing the associated symptoms.

Other species of Clostridium, such as C. perfringens, C. tetani, and C. botulinum, are associated with different types of diseases. C. perfringens is known for causing food poisoning, C. tetani leads to tetanus, and C. botulinum is responsible for botulism. These species do not have the same link to antimicrobial-associated diarrhea as C. difficile does. Therefore, C. difficile is specifically recognized for its role in this condition, making it the correct choice.